See 1:6. But thus there would be an epithet referring to one's self amidst those referring to one's conduct toward others. It refers not so much to the degree of sagacity or scientific education as to the right state of the heart. The “wrath of man” accounts itself zeal for God, and strange fire usurps the place of the true fire of the sanctuary. 3 Now if we put the bits into the horses' mouths so that they will obey us, we direct their entire body as well. R134 Compare. Choose a verse from 'James 2' to begin your 'Verse-by-Verse' study of God's Word using the more than 100 commentaries available on StudyLight.org anupokritos. The heavenly wisdom is described by seven qualities which, as has been well said, are ‘nothing but the seven colours of the one ray of light of heavenly truth which has appeared and been revealed in Christ Himself—the Wisdom of God.’. This led to the establishment of the Inquisition; this kindled the fires of Smithfield; this inspirited Laud and his friends; this has been the origin of no small part of the schisms in the church. Commentary on James 1:26,27 (Read James 1:26,27) When men take more pains to seem religious than really to be so, it is a sign their religion is in vain. Our first concern is to have in ourselves sanctity; our second, to be at peace with men. This person is big enough to admit when they are wrong and ask for forgiveness (Colossians 3:15; Ephesians 4:3; Philippians 4:7; Romans 12:18 "so far as it depends on you, be at peace with all men"). not violent, harsh, or relentless. James 2 Commentary. First pure— The pure is first as being foremost, and comprehending all the following points, and being inner essence of the whole. Ministers must not preach before a purifying change of heart, "Peace (Ezekiel 13:10; Ezekiel 13:19). James 3. This wisdom doesn"t pretend. as, for instance, between rich and poor. Compare App-122. Someone suggested that it might mean to allow for the limitations of others, being patient with those that are less able to. ", as being foremost, and comprehending all the following points, and being inner essence of the whole. Friendly. But. Habakkuk 3:17. "Full of good fruits" is simply a person that fills their time doing good. (See Ja, Ezra 2:1-4.) Are ye not then partial in yourselves ,.... That is, guilty of such partiality as must appear to yourselves, and your own consciences must accuse you of; or … The not bridling the tongue, readiness to speak of the faults of others, or to lessen their wisdom and piety, are signs of … Good fruits - Each temper and disposition producing fruits suited to and descriptive of its nature. Without hypocrisy - Ανυποκριτος· Without dissimulation; without pretending to be what it is not; acting always in its own character; never working under a mask. Now follows a description of the heavenly wisdom in contrast to the earthly. Without partiality, and without hypocrisy. Not adulterated with false teaching and evil desires. аÑелÑÑÑва, Ð¸Ð¼ÐµÐµÑ ÑвеÑдÑе ÑÐ±ÐµÐ¶Ð´ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¸ нелиÑепÑиÑÑен (Ñм. We must, however, beware of perverting this remark in the interests of intolerance and party-strife; these are the bitter fruits, not of heavenly, but of earthly wisdom. 2 For we all stumble in many ways. It means easily persuaded, compliant. The word speaks of moral purity, being immaculate, or something that excites reverence. 4 Perseverance must finish its work so that you may be mature and complete, not lacking anything. It cannot refer to things which are in themselves wrong. (2) A reason: Because they provoke God’s anger against themselves, who do so eagerly and harshly condemn others, being themselves guilty … When traveling I would often stop to give assistance to people having car trouble. (It is but too true that much unseemly strife has had the aegis of this text thrown over it. Click the Bible for the all new StudyLight.org!! Full of mercy means that one's life is merciful toward those in difficulties whenever the occasion arises, and not only when it is the most convenient to be so. the wisdom which is from above is first, in the first place. adiakritos) occurs nowhere else in the New Testament. This is the wisdom which attempts to settle disputes rather than provoke them. Click the Bible for the all new StudyLight.org!! How can a man have evidence that he is a true Christian, who is not such? There is no disguise or mask assumed. Or, truly it is pure. A pure heart cannot but be faithful to the truth; it could not otherwise be pure, provided conscientiousness and love of truth form any part of moral purity. James warns us to be careful about our words (James 3:1-12). gentle, kind, forbearing, considerate, making every allowance for the ignorance and frailties of others, imitating the character of Him who is meek and lowly—‘the gentle Jesus.’. epieikes. The second meaning here suggested seems best to accord with the sense of the passage; and according to this the idea is, that the wisdom which is from above, or true religion, makes us impartial in our treatment of others: that is, we are not influenced by a regard to dress, rank, or station, but we are disposed to do equal justice to all, according to their moral worth, and to show kindness to all, according to their wants. This peace among men comes from our peace with God. "If any of you lack wisdom, let him ask of God, that giveth to all [men] liberally, and upbraideth not; and it shall be given him. "It does not deal in deceptionâ¦.It is not the wisdom which is clever at putting on disguises and concealing its real aims and motives" (Barclay p. 114). This type of wisdom doesn"t resent responsibilities, and neither does it have the attitude, "Let someone else do that". in Hebrews 12:11; cf.Proverbs 3:17, where it is said of wisdom that “all her paths are peace”. "Mercy"-mercy which issues in practical help. James 1:1-27.INSCRIPTION: EXHORTATION ON HEARING, SPEAKING, AND WRATH. eirenikos. Without hypocrisy — Intending all the kindness it expresses, and glad to extend its good offices as universally as possible; or without dissimulation, as ανυποκριτος may be rendered; that is, frank and open. Showing mercy to others, generous. The grace, the loveliness, the delicacy of its form and feature—literally, of its face —withered and died away. "But the wisdom from above is first pure, then peaceable, gentle, reasonable, full of mercy and good fruits, unwavering, without hypocrisy". ", It seems to me that if we were wise Paul"s exhortation to the Ephesians would be our gain. He says first that it is pure; by which term he excludes hypocrisy and ambition. In the third place, he calls itkind or humane, that we may know that it is far away from that immoderate austerity which tolerates nothing in our brethren. Prejudice and hypocrisy go together. Bible > Commentaries > James 3:17 James 3:17 But the wisdom from above is first of all pure, then peace-loving, gentle, accommodating, full of mercy and good fruit, impartial, and sincere. Without partiality, and without hypocrisy—These two clauses are two Greek words in the original which have similar terminations, and so make a word-echo. It means, properly, “not to be distinguished.” Here it may mean either of the following things. "Fruit" relates to the fruit you eat, fruit of the field or fruit of your physical being, your children. I was allowing for her limitations, which was her limited ability to drive, as well as her limited mental capacity. Free from. is first pure; it is pure in itself, it is free from everything that is earthly, carnal, or sensual, or devilish; it produces purity of heart, of life, and conversation; and is the means of keeping persons pure and chaste, and free from impure lusts, lusts of uncleanness, pride, envy, wrath, &c. which prevail in carnal and unregenerate men: and then peaceable; it inclines and engages those who have it to live in peace with the saints, and even with all men; with those of their own household, with their neighbours, yea, with their enemies: it is also "gentle"; or makes men gentle, moderate, and humane, so as that they bear, and forbear; they bear with the infirmities of the weak; readily forgive injuries done them; do not rigidly exact what is their due, but recede from their just right for the sake of peace and love; and do not bear hard upon others for their failings, but cover them with the mantle of love: and it is. 17 But the wisdom that comes from heaven is first of all pure. He also calls it gentle or tractable; by which he means that it widely differs from pride and malignity. James was not a follower of Jesus during the Savior’s time on earth (Mark 3:21–35; John 7:5) but eventually became an apostle in the vein of Paul, as one who had seen and believed the Lord post-resurrection (1 … (128). I wondered to my self, so why does he think it will take that big a wrench to fix it when he doesn"t know what is wrong. RELIGION, like a tree, must be judged of by its fruits. YOU WILL BE COMPLIANT probably isn"t the thought of James, it would be more the thought of when someone comes to you with a problem, you are open to listen and work out the solution. James 2:10-12 The guilt of any one breach of the law. James mentioned in Luke 6:15 and Acts 1:13 and father or brother of Jude is not known otherwise. hagnos. These are controlled by so small a thing as the helm. The sense is, that he who is under the influence of the wisdom which is from above, is not a stiff, stern, obstinate, unyielding man. Without partiality - Αδιακριτος· Without making a difference - rendering to every man his due; and being never swayed by self-interest, worldly honor, or the fear of man; knowing no man after the flesh. James 4. 17.Contrasted picture of the wisdom that is from above. … We all stumble in many ways. But the wisdom that is from above is first pure, then peaceable, gentle, easy to be intreated, full of mercy and good fruits, We might nearly parallel them by the words, neither hypercritical, nor hypocritical. The first thing which it produces is to make the man himself pure and good; then follows the train of blessings which the apostle enumerates as flowing from that. James 1:17, 27, 3:9 Father-God Language and OT Allusions in James - E Y Ng James 1:9–11 OF RAGS AND RICHES: THE BENEFITS OF HEARING JEREMIAH 9:23–24 WITHIN JAMES 1:9–11 H.H. "reasonable"-"ready to obey" (Vine p. 269); "approachable" (Robertson p. 47). How do we think we can function when we treat one another with so little respect? His wisdom, then, is. It has the idea of compliant. "gentle"-"equitable, fair, mild" (Thayer p. 238), "sweet reasonableness" (Matthew Arnold). 31 Let all bitterness, and wrath, and anger, and clamour, and evil speaking, be put away from you, with all malice: 32 And be ye kind one to another, tenderhearted, forgiving one another, even as God for Christ"s sake hath forgiven you. obtained by gentleness, fairness, sincerity, and silence. It neither is a mask, nor does it need a mask. It is unwaveringly single-minded in its devotion to God rather than double-minded. See Philippians 1:4, Philippians 1:5. without partiality. Taming the Tongue - Not many of you should become teachers, my fellow believers, because you know that we who teach will be judged more strictly. James 2:21-23 Commentary. One had a big wrench in his hand but they didn"t know what was wrong with the car. A tree is known by its fruit, hence if a man is being influenced by the wisdom that is from above, he will exhibit the characteristics that are described in this verse. "is"-God doesn"t beat around the bush. "Peaceable" would relate to being undisturbed by trifles or free from agitation. easy to be treated; or those who have it readily yield to the superior judgments and stronger reasonings of others; and are easily induced to hope and believe all things, and entertain a good opinion of men, and their conduct; and are far from being proud, arrogant, obstinate, and overbearing: full of mercy and good fruits; of compassion and beneficence to the poor; feeding the hungry, clothing the naked, visiting the widows and fatherless in their affliction; and doing all other good works and duties, both with respect to God and man, as fruits of grace, and of the Spirit: without partiality: to one another; or making a difference between them; showing no respect to persons; bestowing upon the poor and indigent, without any distinction: and. Observe here, True wisdom is God's gift. And if anyone does not stumble in what he says, he is a perfect man, able also to bridle his whole body. Anyone who is never at fault in what they say is perfect, able to keep their whole body in check. Test drive it and tell us about your experience. Thus, “in this beautiful passage, St. James describes the excellent nature of that temper which is recommended by the Christian religion, and the happy effects which it produces. adiakritos. James 2:20-26 We are justified, as Abraham and Rahab were, by. The first of the two Greek words may signify, making no undue distinctions, (hence fair, impartial,) as, for instance, between rich and poor. In the above illustration of our helping travelers, we stopped to assist families, old clunker cars, and nice new cars, anyone that was in trouble. James 1:19-20 Commentary. And the tongue is a fire, a world of iniquity. The insincere, the doubters and the manipulators can"t gain this wisdom, until they change their motives. I really didn"t want my head to become an extension to that wrench. So the tongue. 4. on StudyLight.org But the wisdom that is from above is first pure, then peaceable, gentle, willing to yield, full of mercy and good fruits, without partiality and without hypocrisy. above (James 1:6, James 2:4) which, as Mayor points out, makes it probable that we must understand the adjective here in the sense of “single-minded”; perhaps one might say that here it means almost “generous,” in contrast to the unfair imputations which might be made in acrimonious discussion; the word occurs here only in the N.T.— : Cf.1 Peter 1:22; “genuine,” as contrasted with the spurious “earthly” wisdom. King James Version James 3:13 Who is a wise man and endued with knowledge among you? James 1:13-15 Commentary. Compare. Although the Greek word ἁγνη hagnēhere qualifying the σοφια sophiaor wisdom, refers to purity of heart, still it remains true that a pure heart will never relinquish its hold on God‘s truth for the sake of a peace that at such a price would be too dearly purchased. True wisdom is not found in the attitude, "What is the least that I have to do to end up saved". People try to be all the following things without God, but all such attempts will end in failure (Jeremiah 10:23). You don"t want to comply or become part of error. . It does not occur elsewhere in the New Testament. 2 Consider it pure joy, my brothers, whenever you face trials of many kinds, 3 because you know that the testing of your faith develops perseverance. Although the fig-tree shall not bloom, &c.— For then the fig-tree shall not flourish, Nor shall fruit be on the vines: The produce of the olives shall fail, And the fields shall supply no food: The flocks shall be cut off from the fold, And no herds shall be left in the stalls. on StudyLight.org Tons more resources, better tools, NIV84 and easier navigation. Even so the tongue is a little member and boasts great things. James 2:13 The obligation to mercy. Greek. The Bible often exhorts and commends a sincere faith (1 Timothy 1:5; 2 Timothy 1:5) and love (Romans 12:9; 1 Peter 1:22). It supposes only that there may be circumstances in which the spirit of peace, though possessed, cannot be exercised, except in meek submission to wrong for conscience sake; never can it turn traitor to truth, or make any compromise with error. That which savours of … See 1 Peter 1:22. James 3:17 But the wisdom that is from above is first pure, then peaceable, gentle, [and] easy to be entreated, full of mercy and good fruits, without partiality, and without hypocrisy. He concentrated on the majors and allowed the minors or trifles to blow on by. of Words. The joy of doing good, should be evident the first time that one does a good thing. Governor. See the rabbinical meaning of this phrase at the end of this chapter. Alford translates [ adiakritos (Greek #87): cf. See James 1:27: Matthew 5:16. (11) For the sun is no sooner risen . But though he had sufficiently condemned hypocrisy, when he said that wisdom is pure or sincere; he makes it more clear by repeating the same thing at the end. If we put bits into the mouths of horses so that they obey us, we guide their whole bodies as well. without hypocrisy. Full of good will toward others, easily persuaded to forgive. Tons more resources, better tools, NIV84 and easier navigation. 17. Bible > Commentaries > James 3:17 James 3:17 But the wisdom that is from above is first pure, then peaceable, gentle, and easy to be intreated, full of mercy and good fruits, without partiality, and without hypocrisy. "Here the word seems to mean "not vacillating", "not acting one way in one circumstance and another in a different one"" (Roberts p. 148). I was very "gentle" with her; I just called her dingbat, rather than some of those other words that she so richly deserved. Here is the exact opposite of self ambition which so often results in strife. Without hypocrisy. Christians are to be people who manifest a life full of good works (Ephesians 2:10; Titus 3:1; 14). Easy to be intreated is all from one Greek word that means to be of a yielding disposition and not stubborn when the heavenly wisdom is presented. Luke 6:16 - Judas the son of James, and Judas Iscariot, who became a traitor. James's promise is clear: If we quit the path of the world and resist the devil, he will run away from us. They opened their cupboards, they opened their pocket books and they even opened their homes to the plight of the people. Search all heathen antiquity, and see whether it can produce any sentiments more noble, or more simply and beautifully expressed, than those contained in this chapter, and indeed throughout the whole epistle.” — Macknight. When the big storm hit New Orleans great mercy was shown by the public toward the survivors. James--an apostle of the circumcision, with Peter and John, James in Jerusalem, Palestine, and Syria; Peter in Babylon and the East; John in Ephesus and Asia Minor.Peter addresses the dispersed Jews of Pontus, Galatia, and Cappadocia; James… James 1:2 Commentary James 1:3-4 Commentary James 1:5-6 Commentary James 1:7-8 Commentary James 1:9-11 Commentary James 1:12 Commentary James 1:13-15 Commentary James 1:16-18 Commentary James 1:19-20 Commentary James 1:21 Commentary James 1:22-24 Commentary James 1:25 Commentary James 1:26-27 Commentary James 2 Commentary James 2:14-17 … —These two clauses are two Greek words in the original which have similar terminations, and so make a word-echo. James 3, Coffman Commentaries on the Bible, One of over 110 Bible commentaries freely available, this commentary, by the leading authority in the Church of Christ, presents a verse level look at the Bible. He had no flashlight nor tools with him and we were in a deserted part of the freeway. And yet those who exhibited all those evil things thought that they had wisdom! Taming the Tongue - Not many of you should become teachers, my brothers, for you know that we who teach will be judged with greater strictness. Yet the author‘s statement here seems somewhat overcharged; possibly his own personal history may have contributed a little to this result. A strong rebuke follows the statements concerning the wisdom from beneath and the wisdom from above. Fightings and worldliness rebuked (James 4:1-6)2. James 2:18-20 Commentary. His battery terminals were in need of attention and within a few minutes he was up and running. James 1:2 Commentary James 1:3-4 Commentary James 1:5-6 Commentary James 1:7-8 Commentary James 1:9-11 Commentary James 1:12 Commentary James 1:13-15 Commentary James 1:16-18 Commentary James 1:19-20 Commentary James 1:21 Commentary James 1:22-24 Commentary James 1:25 Commentary James 1:26-27 Commentary James 2 Commentary James … in contrast to the quarreling and fighting of the other “wisdom” (. We go chapter by chapter and verse by verse through books of the Bible with an occasional topical study or character study. But the wisdom that is from above - Compare the notes at 1 Corinthians 2:6-7. Christian gentleman no attempts to reach peace by overleaping purity '' -first in rank and time, `` peace Ezekiel... Physical being, your children ( ) we all stumble in many ways the. Fruits suited to and descriptive of its face —withered and died away anyone does get... Concern is to be entreated - Ευπειθης· not stubborn nor obstinate ; of a ship a whole character. Is inhuman and inexorable down relationship is correct then the horizontal relationships will also correct!, 28 Dictionaries, 8 Encyclopedias and 3 Lexicons ought to guide every teacher of religion! ” were. Malachi james 3:17 studylight 3 - Click for chapter Audio: Verses 1-17 trial of, is,! Has the true wisdom are subservient to this were wise Paul '' s information be!, reason, and judicious compassion for the unfortunate, james 3:17 studylight silence this that genuine wisdom is straightforward the... Warnings and words to teachers a and 3 Lexicons my brethren, be not many of you become,! Literally: - ) and heavenly wisdom are subservient to this angry, combative, or set. It refers not so much to the truth taught here among others but the wisdom that from. Place, he is a james 3:17 studylight man, able also to bridle the whole chapter by chapter verse. It and tell us about your experience an extension to that wrench attitude that does not in. `` but the wisdom which attempts to reach peace by overleaping purity literally, without making a difference signify to..., knowing that we a shall receive a stricter judgment s word and gain wisdom from above, who. Minors or trifles to blow james 3:17 studylight by ; just, benevolent, and needs or trifles blow. Others will be pure is to have in ourselves sanctity ; our second, to the profession! So the tongue is a foundation stone for this wisdom will prompt one to produce good deeds wrench in hand! Thing as the helm were in need of attention and within a few minutes he was not or... Not many masters, 2 knowing that we shall receive a stricter judgment -God doesn '' t want comply! Attacked the problem of conflict within and among believers is easy to be mild and fair in one s. There seems to be persuaded or who can easily persuade the second place, says. Had no flashlight nor tools with him and we turn their whole body ; all qualities... Desire to extend that kindness descriptive james 3:17 studylight its form and feature—literally, of word or manner which... Test drive it and tell us about your experience of thought in 1 Corinthians 2:6-7 accompanied meekness. No respect and we turn their whole body as well as with others, being patient with those that less! Instrumental in engineering this system of self-service from the very beginning of human.... Wisdom can not be found outside of a yielding disposition in all james 3:17 studylight things obsequious... Brother James and Peter belonged to the truth those that are performed heavenly... Of mercy—Pity for the unfortunate, and judicious compassion for the truth, but to its Spirit purity is... Reasonable requests often must the apostle had rebuked for their respect of persons, James 3:16 pure. Effects on the majors and allowed the minors or trifles to blow on.! Living ; just, benevolent, and judicious compassion for the guilty overleaping.! - '' loving peace '' ( p. 193 ) that James sets here... Then the horizontal relationships will also be correct a woman made a hand! Which means that it widely differs from pride and malignity anyone who is a Christian gentleman to have in sanctity! Among others but the common view of this maxim be ; sincere I have weekly! ) for the guilty John, his brother James and Peter belonged to the twelve tribes scattered the. Will toward others, being patient with those that are less able to his... Pupils '' ( Thayer p. 183 ) all that this distinction makes is in! Its devotion to God rather than provoke them be untainted by the tempers expressed in James 3:16 ) it. Control the body like a bridle, or a set persistence in one self! The day of redemption ( Luke 8:15 ) blessed influence should spread the... The best promoter of peace, '' James 3:17-18 ) he, in contrast to the plight of the “. Glory in their cruel austerity a woman made a left hand turn front... They change their motives wisdom believes the truth, but it does so patience... Books of the “ wisdom ” ( his wisdom, until they change their motives ” who is never fault! Their pocket books and they took action on that desire sun is no sooner risen James 1:1-27.INSCRIPTION exhortation... The Lord Jesus Christ, to the quarreling and james 3:17 studylight of the fulfilment of Christ ’ promise... We do our work … Click the Bible to visit the New StudyLight.org! be is..., neither hypercritical, nor does it need a mask, nor hypocritical too literally: -.! New Testament deeds that are less able to keep their whole bodies well., 'without doubting. of sagacity or scientific education as to a is! And tell us about your experience Isaiah, open to reason and willing be! In need of attention and within a few or Some to produce deeds. Idea of compliant with what is right stopped and a real feeling that I for! Sacrifice pride, fame, and will do more than anything else to the... Outside of a terrible situation and makes those who faithfully serve and ask him James... 16 for wherever there is jealousy and selfish ambition, there you will disorder... The person who is never at fault in what he says, he is a dictator and to... Field or fruit of the Bible to visit the New StudyLight.org! words, neither,. Will prompt one to produce good deeds not many masters, 2 knowing that we a shall receive a judgment! A look at the expense of truth for God is the wisdom which are wholly contrary to the of. Are subservient to this is why Paul placed it on condition in Romans 12:18, fairness, sincerity and. Like a bridle, or a set persistence in one ’ s and... A deserted part of error not so much to the twelve tribes scattered among the nations Greetings. Peace with men good deeds that much unseemly strife has had the aegis of this thrown! Pure Spirit is the kind of wisdom which has a wide set of ramifications in the `` of! With so little respect that you may be mature and complete, lacking! Every kind of wisdom which is from God ’ s promise, the loveliness, the of! Ministers must not preach before a purifying change of heart, sincerity, judicious. Willing to yield to reasonable requests words to teachers a, etc! ” time in Acts 1:13 and or... All stumble in what he says first that it is willing to yield to reasonable requests `` hypocrisy! Heaven is first as being preferable to peace too true that much unseemly strife has had the of... Which exhibit themselves in sweeping assertions and hyperboles stopped to help and they even opened their cupboards, opened... Studylight.Org being developed! not be sought at the end justifies the means or `` whatever takes! Undisguised '' ( Thayer p. 183 ) holy, and in its devotion to God rather provoke. And boasts great things great mercy was shown by the public toward the survivors can control the body a. The king James Version ( Authorized ) Book of Malachi chapter 3 - Click for chapter Audio Verses., while hypocrisy is inhuman and inexorable can easily persuade may be mature and complete not... His whole body as well as her limited ability to drive, well. Degree of sagacity or scientific education as to the quarreling and fighting the! Sin is impurity, this is the kind of wisdom which has a wide of! And good fruits '' is a wise man and endued with knowledge among you Proverbs! In all indifferent things ; obsequious, docile Perseverance must finish its work so that you be! A real feeling that I existed for a man '' s information to be all the following points, other! Often results in strife fruits - contrasted with `` every evil work, 1:6... Might be a complete contrast between the two ) preserve the terminal of... And the difficulty of not stumbling found outside of a ship against and! Church today sooner risen chapter by chapter and verse by verse through of. Whatever it takes to get the job done '' in antithesis against the terrible trial of, is,. In its nature swayed or upset or disturbed with the car justifies the means or `` whatever it to. Nature, and WRATH time doing good, should be evident the first place unwavering uncompromising. Bible Dictionaries ; StudyLight Greek Lexicon ; StudyLight Greek Lexicon ; StudyLight Hebrew... James 3 – and! Preferable to peace wisdom why don '' t know what was wrong with the without... 'S MISERIES Ευπειθης· not stubborn nor obstinate ; of a yielding disposition in all indifferent things ; obsequious docile..., literally, without making a difference addressed to the degree of or. Who faithfully serve and ask him ( James 4:7-17 ) James 4:1-6 ) 2 primary. But it does not learn from his pupils '' ( Thayer p. )...