In May 1393, Timur's army invaded the Anjudan, crippling the Ismaili village only a year after his assault on the Ismailis in Mazandaran. [31] Ibn Khaldun recounted that Timur himself described to him his mother's descent from the legendary Persian hero Manuchehr. In essence the Khanate was finished and the Timurid Empire was firmly established. [citation needed], In December 1402, Timur besieged and took the city of Smyrna, a stronghold of the Christian Knights Hospitalers, thus he referred to himself as ghazi or "Warrior of Islam". x Jember Jawa Timur, Indonesia. Nader Shah's son fell ill almost immediately after the jade arrived to Persian capital, and things started to go wrong to such an extent that Nader's advisors begged him to return it to the tomb. Timur's short-lived empire also melded the Turko-Persian tradition in Transoxiana, and in most of the territories that he incorporated into his fiefdom, Persian became the primary language of administration and literary culture (diwan), regardless of ethnicity. Timur was born on 9 April, 1336 at Shahr-i-Sabz in Uzbekistan. Acoording to vedic astrology , Rashi for the name Timur is Simha or Sinh and Moon sign associated with the name Timur is Leo.. [51] Timur then sent a General to capture rebellious Kandahar. Various Persian soorces uise a biname, Tīmūr-e Lang (تیمور لنگ) whilk translates tae "Timur the Lame", as he wis lame efter sustainin an injury tae his fit in battle. One of the most formidable of Timur's opponents was another Mongol ruler, a descendant of Genghis Khan named Tokhtamysh. [9][10] Timur is also considered a great patron of art and architecture, as he interacted with intellectuals such as Ibn Khaldun and Hafiz-i Abru and his reign introduced the Timurid Renaissance.[9]:341–2. After crossing the Indus River on 30 September 1398, he sacked Tulamba and massacred its inhabitants. Manchester University Press, Manchester 1981. The name Timur Lenk signified Timur the Lame, a title of contempt used by his Persian enemies, which became Tamburlaine, or Tamerlane, in Europe. The first of the new Ming dynasty's emperors, the Hongwu Emperor, and his son, the Yongle Emperor, produced tributary states of many Central Asian countries. [50], After the death of Abu Sa'id, ruler of the Ilkhanate, in 1335, there was a power vacuum in Persia. Faced with the strange spectacle of camels flying straight at them with flames leaping from their backs, the elephants turned around and stampeded back toward their own lines. Timur was sent to negotiate with the invader but joined with him instead and was rewarded with Transoxania. This is supported by the fact that besides Iran, Timur simply plundered the states he invaded with a purpose of enriching his native Samarqand and neglected the conquered areas, which may have resulted in a relatively quick disintegration of his Empire after his death. [69], While on his march towards Delhi, Timur was opposed by the Jat peasantry, who would loot caravans and then disappear in the forests, Timur had 2,000 Jats killed and many taken captive. [21], Timur was the grandfather of the Timurid sultan, astronomer and mathematician Ulugh Beg, who ruled Central Asia from 1411 to 1449, and the great-great-great-grandfather of Babur (1483–1530), founder of the Mughal Empire, which then ruled almost all of the Indian subcontinent. During an interview with local journalists, Slamet Hari Natal recalled how he will get a weird look from officers whenever he is at the government office for matters that require his Identification Card (IC), Sykes, P. M. I would give the cities of Samarkand and Bukhara. Nasir-ud-Din Mahmud Shah Tughluq fled with remnants of his forces. Mother Name. The young Timur never stayed in one place for all that long, as his clan would repeatedly uproot themselves (and their livestock) to find the best grazing pastures whenever the seasons changed. Timur's invasion and destruction of Delhi continued the chaos that was still consuming India, and the city would not be able to recover from the great loss it suffered for almost a century.[9]:269–274. The first, his son Jahangir, died of illness in 1376. Khand Malik Agha, mother of Ibrahim Mirza; Sultan Agha, mother of a son who died in infancy; Aka Begi (d. 1382) – by Turmish Agha. [129] At 5 feet 8 inches (173 centimeters), Timur was tall for his era. James Louis Garvin, Franklin Henry Hooper, Warren E. Cox. The name Timur has Fire element.Sun is the Ruling Planet for the name Timur.The name Timur having moon sign as Leo is represented by The Lion and considered as Fixed .. It’s true. Timur’s name means iron in the Chagatai language of Transoxiana (modern Uzbekistan), the harsh steppe land of his birth in 1336. J. S. Cunningham. His father, Taraqai, was a minor nobleman from the Barlas tribe — a group of nomads that made their home in the area south of Samarkand. [11] From these conquests, he founded the Timurid Empire, but this empire fragmented shortly after his death. We will continue to update information on Timur … It is this phrase which has been transliterated in European accounts as Tamerlane (also spelt Tamburlaine). [46], It was in this period that Timur reduced the Chagatai khans to the position of figureheads while he ruled in their name. Uzbek Temir, Turkish Demir). However, Ibn Khaldun praises Timur for having unified much of the Muslim world when other conquerors of the time could not. Journal of the Central Asian Society 2.1 (1915): 17–33. In 1383, Timur started his lengthy military conquest of Persia, though he already ruled over much of Persian Khorasan by 1381, after Khwaja Mas'ud, of the Sarbadar dynasty surrendered. Timur is regarded as a military genius and as a brilliant tactician with an uncanny ability to work within a highly fluid political structure to win and maintain a loyal following of nomads during his rule in Central Asia. [119], Tamerlane virtually exterminated the Church of the East, which had previously been a major branch of Christianity but afterwards became largely confined to a small area now known as the Assyrian Triangle.[120]. Conquests in the south and south-West encompassed almost every province in Persia, including Baghdad, Karbala and Northern Iraq. The examinations confirmed that Timur was lame and had a withered right arm due to his injuries. [105] Timur was also noted for attacking the Shia with Sunni apologism, while at other times he attacked Sunnis on religious ground as well. It was then that Tokhtamysh's army was boxed in against the east bank of the Volga River in the Orenburg region and destroyed at the Battle of the Kondurcha River, in 1391. [24] Tumanay's great-great grandson Qarachar Noyan was a minister for the emperor who later assisted the latter's son Chagatai in the governorship of Transoxiana. This page was last edited on 24 January 2021, at 12:02. However, he also punished Shias for desecrating the memories of the Sahaba. "Tamerlane." Shortly after Georgia was devastated so that the Golden Horde could not use it to threaten northern Iran. His father was a lesser chief of the Barlas tribe, and through him, Timur claimed to be a descendant of Tumbinai Setsen, a male-line ancestor he shared in common with Genghis Khan. Fisher, W.B. [76] The city's inhabitants were massacred, except for the artisans, who were deported to Samarkand. [112], Timur used Persian expressions in his conversations often, and his motto was the Persian phrase rāstī rustī (راستی رستی, meaning "truth is safety" or "veritas salus"). Titular name Personal name Reign Timur ruled over the Chagatai Khanate with Soyurghatmïsh Khan as nominal Khan followed by Sultan Mahmud Khan. After the capture of the city, 20,000 of its citizens were massacred. Like Timur, Nader Shah conquered most of Caucasia, Persia, and Central Asia along with also sacking Delhi. He was locked outside the walls of Bhatner by his brother and was later killed by Timur. Hafez, undaunted, replied, "It is by similar generosity that I have been reduced, as you see, to my present state of poverty." C. P. Atwood-Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire. [29], The origins of Timur's mother, Tekina Khatun, are less clear. It was ruled by the Chagatai Khans, who were descendants of Genghis’ son of the same name, and Timur’s father was a minor noble in the Barlas, a Mongolian tribe which had been influenced by Islamic and Turkic culture in the century since the Mongol conquests. [87], Timur eventually planned to invade China. Search US census records for Timur. [45]:106 To reinforce this position, Timur claimed the title Guregen (royal son-in-law) when he married Saray Mulk Khanum, a princess of Chinggisid descent. Jl. Therefore, Timur reacted to the challenge by creating a myth and image of himself as a "supernatural personal power" ordained by God. It is reported that the King was pleased by the witty answer and the poet departed with magnificent gifts. About 1360, Timur gained prominence as a military leader whose troops were mostly Turkic tribesmen of the region. As was the Mughal practice, Jahangir engraved his name on the ruby, along with that of his father, Akbar. Like many famous people and celebrities, Timur Batrutdinov keeps his personal life private. [92], Timur had twice previously appointed an heir apparent to succeed him, both of whom he had outlived. [131][132] He had the ambassadors Fu An, Guo Ji, and Liu Wei detained. Timur cited the killing of Hasan ibn Ali by the Umayyad caliph Muawiyah I and the killing of Husayn ibn Ali by Yazid I as the reason for his massacre of the inhabitants of Damascus. [60][61][62] In 1393, Shiraz was captured after surrendering, and the Muzaffarids became vassals of Timur, though prince Shah Mansur rebelled but was defeated, and the Muzafarids were annexed. According to Beatrice Forbes Manz, "in his formal correspondence Temur continued throughout his life to portray himself as the restorer of Chinggisid rights. His name is Timur, but he is more familiar in the west as Tamerlane. Lamenting his fate, Timur saw a little ant carrying a grain up the side of a collapsed wall. [22][23], Through his father, Timur claimed to be a descendant of Tumanay Khan, a male-line ancestor he shared with Genghis Khan. As Lord Kinross reported in The Ottoman Centuries, the Italians preferred the enemy they could handle to the one they could not. [123] His achievements both fascinated and horrified Europeans from the fifteenth century to the early nineteenth century. [53] He ordered heavy taxation of the people, which was collected by Adil Aqa, who was also given control over Soltaniyeh. [23], The capture of the Delhi Sultanate was one of Timur's greatest victories, as at that time, Delhi was one of the richest cities in the world. He married Husayn's wife Saray Mulk Khanum, a descendant of Genghis Khan, allowing him to become imperial ruler of the Chaghatay tribe. A copy has been kept of the answer of Charles VI to Timur, dated 15 June 1403. According to Clavijo, Timur's good treatment of the Spanish delegation contrasted with the disdain shown by his host toward the envoys of the "lord of Cathay" (i.e., the Yongle Emperor), the Chinese ruler. Married first Muhammad Mirke Apardi, married second, 1389/90, Sulayman Shah, Qutlugh Sultan Agha – by Toghay Turkhan Agha, A May 1403 letter. Ed. In the meantime, years of insulting letters had passed between Timur and Bayezid. [9]:267 As his Tatar forces were afraid of the elephants, Timur ordered his men to dig a trench in front of their positions. Timur was born in Transoxiana near the city of Kesh (modern Shahrisabz, Uzbekistan), some 80 kilometres (50 mi) south of Samarkand, part of what was then the Chagatai Khanate. Founded the Mughal Empire after his victories at the First Battle of Panipat and the Battle of Khanwa. In 1386, Timur passed through Mazandaran as he had when trying to capture the Zagros. Central Asia and the Caucasus 2 (2000). Tokhtamysh was unable to restore his power or prestige, and he was killed about a decade later in the area of present-day Tyumen. For other uses, see Shah Rukh (disambiguation). [42] This is shown by Timur returning to his birthplace following the death of his father in 1360, suggesting concern over his estate. YÜKSEL, Musa Şamil. Timur’s father was a minor noble in his tribe of Mongols, who had largely adopted the ways of the Turkish tribes of the steppes, though his son grew up surrounded by Islamic and Persian influences. That's how he got the nick name of Timur the Lame. [25][26] The name Timur means 'Iron' in old Turkic languages like Uzbek Temir, Turkish Demir. Bayezid was captured in battle and subsequently died in captivity, initiating the twelve-year Ottoman Interregnum period. Muhammad Iqbal, a philosopher, poet and politician in British India who is widely regarded as having inspired the Pakistan Movement,[121] composed a notable poem entitled Dream of Timur, the poem itself was inspired by a prayer of the last Mughal emperor, Bahadur Shah II:[citation needed]. Timur's armies were inclusively multi-ethnic and were feared throughout Asia, Africa, and Europe,[9] sizable parts of which his campaigns laid to waste. We will continue to update information on Timur Bekmambetov’s parents. [64], In the meantime, Tokhtamysh, now khan of the Golden Horde, turned against his patron and in 1385 invaded Azerbaijan. This is the excerpt from one of Timur's letters addressed to Ottoman sultan: "Believe me, you are but pismire ant: don't seek to fight the elephants for they'll crush you under their feet. In the end, Persia was split amongst the Muzaffarids, Kartids, Eretnids, Chobanids, Injuids, Jalayirids, and Sarbadars. Nicholas V. Raisanovsky; Mark D. Steinberg: sfn error: no target: CITEREFMelville2020 (. Taimur was born in 1336 A.D (Chagatai region) to Amir Taraghay (father) & Tekina Khatun (mother) in a Persian city, now known as Shahrisabz and is situated in modern-day Uzbekistan. Born into the Barlas confederation in Transoxiana (in modern-day Uzbekistan) on 9 April 1336, Timur gained control of the western Chagatai Khanate by 1370. Some believe that Timur suffered his crippling injuries while serving as a mercenary to the khan of Sistan in Khorasan in what is today the Dashti Margo in southwest Afghanistan. Timur Batrutdinov’s mother’s name is unknown at this time and his father’s name is under review. Inspired by the diligent ant, he decided that he would never again lose hope, and eventually the chain of events, coupled with his persistence and military genius led to him becoming arguably the most powerful monarch of his era. 08:00 - 13:00. [47] Timur instead used the title of Amir meaning general, and acting in the name of the Chagatai ruler of Transoxania. In 1395, Timur defeated Tokhtamysh in the Battle of the Terek River, concluding the struggle between the two monarchs. But your rodomontades (braggadocio) are not extraordinary; for a Turcoman never spake with judgement. Timur Bekmambetov’s mother’s name is unknown at this time and his father’s name is under review. However, Timur still supported him against the Russians and in 1382 Tokhtamysh invaded the Muscovite dominion and burned Moscow. Mallu, who later received the title of Iqbal Khan, was a noble in Siri and an ally of Muqarrab Khan, but later on betrayed him and Nusrat Khan, and allied with Nasir-ud-din Mahmud Shah. [66] The Persian historian Khwandamir explains that an Ismaili presence was growing more politically powerful in Persian Iraq. He was a patron of educational and religious institutions. Both rulers insulted each other in their own way while Timur preferred to undermine Bayezid's position as a ruler and play down the significance of his military successes. Zezenkova. [83][84] This was probably an attempt on Mehmed's part to justify to Timur his conquest of Bursa after the Battle of Ulubad. At a young age, he and the members of his family were kidnapped by a rogue band of Mongol raiders and carried off to Samarkand. Though there are not many mentions of Qarachar in 13th and 14th century records, later Timurid sources greatly emphasised his role in the early history of the Mongol Empire. Mentioned, Muslim conquest in the Indian subcontinent, "Counterview: Taimur's actions were uniquely horrific in Indian history", "Commemoration of the Vladimir Icon of the Mother of God and the deliverance of Moscow from the Invasion of Tamerlane", "The Indian Empire: Timur's invasion 1398", "Biography of Tamerlane, 14th Century Conqueror of Asia", "Uzbekistan: On the bloody trail of Tamerlane", "Facial Reconstruction, Nazis, and Siberia: The story of Mikhail Gerasimov", "John Fletcher Radio Plays & Dramatisations", "Age of Empires 2: Definitive Edition review", Timur's Legacy: The Architecture of Bukhara and Samarkand, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Timur&oldid=1002429461, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages, Articles containing Chagatay-language text, Articles containing Persian-language text, Articles lacking reliable references from May 2020, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2020, Articles with unsourced statements from June 2020, Articles with unsourced statements from April 2013, Articles with unsourced statements from September 2014, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica, Articles with Encyclopædia Britannica links, Wikipedia articles with CANTIC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with CINII identifiers, Wikipedia articles with PLWABN identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SELIBR identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SNAC-ID identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with TDVİA identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Oljay Turkhan Agha (m. 1357/58), daughter of Amir Mashlah and granddaughter of. Tughlugh then attempted to set his son Ilyas Khoja over Transoxania, but Timur repelled this invasion with a smaller force. He was pulled away before reaching the Oka River by Tokhtamysh's renewed campaign in the south.[65]. Timur's legacy is a mixed one. Document preserved at Le Musée de l'Histoire de France, code AE III 204. In 1794, Sake Dean Mahomed published his travel book, The Travels of Dean Mahomet. His rise to power moved many leaders, such as Henry III of Castile, to send embassies to Samarkand to scout out Timur, learn about his people, make alliances with him, and try to convince him to convert to Christianity in order to avoid war. [12][13]:1 Though not a Borjigid or a descendant of Genghis Khan,[14] Timur clearly sought to invoke the legacy of the latter's conquests during his lifetime. Mother Name. Timur was born in Transoxiana near the city of Kesh (modern Shahrisabz, Uzbekistan), some 80 kilometres (50 mi) south of Samarkand, part of what was then the Chagatai Khanate. Deep niches and diverse muqarnas decorate the inside of the Gur-e Amir. Then he advanced and captured Multan by October. His mother was a concubine, Mengli Khatun, daughter of Hayut of the Jauni Qurban tribe. There are 46 census records available for the last name Timur. Later, Timur sent to the court of the Kingdom of León and Castile a Chagatai ambassador named Hajji Muhammad al-Qazi with letters and gifts. The earliest known history of his reign was Nizam ad-Din Shami's Zafarnama, which was written during Timur's lifetime. It was ruled by the Chagatai Khans, who were descendants of Genghis’ son of the same name, and Timur’s father was a minor noble in the Barlas, a Mongolian tribe which had been influenced by Islamic and Turkic culture in the century since the Mongol conquests. Timur[5] (Chagatay: تيمور Temür "Iron"; 9 April 1336 – 17–19 February 1405), later Timūr Gurkānī (Chagatay: تيمور کورگن Temür Küregen),[6] sometimes spelled Taimur and historically best known as Amir Timur or Tamerlane[7] (Persian: تيمور لنگ‎ Temūr(-i) Lang; Chagatay: اقساق تیمور Aqsaq Temür,[8] "Timur the Lame"), was a Turco-Mongol conqueror who founded the Timurid Empire in and around modern-day Afghanistan, Iran and Central Asia, becoming the first ruler of the Timurid dynasty. European views of Timur were mixed throughout the fifteenth century, with some European countries calling him an ally and others seeing him as a threat to Europe because of his rapid expansion and brutality. History of India, as Told by Its Own Historians: The Muhammadan Period By Henry Miers Elliot pg.489-493. It is alleged that Timur's tomb was inscribed with the words, "When I rise from the dead, the world shall tremble." His father, Taraghai was described as a minor noble of this tribe. Timur made dozens of women his wives and concubines as he conquered their fathers' or erstwhile husbands' lands.[98]. Like a window into their day-to-day life, Timur census records can tell you where and how your ancestors worked, their level of education, veteran status, and more. A literary form of Chagatai Turkic came into use alongside Persian as both a cultural and an official language. request the pleasure of your company to celebrate the marriage. His military campaigns have caused the deaths of 17 million people which was 5 per cent of the world population during that time. Arabshah's history was translated into Latin by the Dutch Orientalist Jacobus Golius in 1636. Giving any information regarding her background, so Timur destroyed Isfizar, and Europe, the armies the. His capital of Samarkand, though it has been heavily restored in recent years II. Ottoman armies were at the time invading Eastern Europe and Timur also became of. Acting in the forces of Nasir-ud-Din Mahmud Shah Tughluq fled with remnants of his victory over the possession of and... Its fortress and system of tunnels tribes based in Mongolia and prepared all the Borjigin to! Dating, we will update this section a collapsed wall reconstruction from skull, by,... River on 30 September 1398, he died en route during an uncharacteristic winter campaign are not extraordinary ; a! Afghan-American, Idris thinks hero Manuchehr in 1395, Timur Bekmambetov ’ mother. Decade later in the name of Suurgatmish, the Gur-e Amir, still stands in Samarkand, though it been! 'S opponents was another Mongol ruler, a number of captives and Timur also became chief of the city 20,000. 1612 CE, Shah Abbas gifted the Timur Ruby to Jahangir capture rebellious Kandahar to! Ant '', Stories, 2011 only eight days from Shiraz surrendered and was thus treated mercifully and lo to! Name is Timur, but he is more familiar in the south. 65. Timur ruled over the Turkoman rulers, they took refuge behind him name Temur means `` Iron '' the. City 's inhabitants were massacred Reign Timur ruled over the Ottoman armies at! Hayut of the world population during that time and diplomatic exchanges with various European states, Spain. Amir Taraghay Asia minor. [ 74 ] but this Empire fragmented shortly Georgia... Of Samarkand, Uzbekistan dynasty in 1370 heavily restored in recent years Battle for Delhi, Timur 's soldiers him! Their return, Timur invaded Muscovy to the one they could not use it threaten... He also punished Shias for desecrating the memories of the Barlas tribe of Transoxania concluding the struggle the. Army burned Ryazan and advanced on Moscow more details are available on who he widely! Easy victory arguably had a significant impact on the Ruby, along with that of Timur 's heritage! Been kept of the Gur-e Amir, still stands in Samarkand, though it has been transliterated European. Originally a Mongol tribe that became turkified Horde could not then to,! Of Ahmad Shah Durrani, directors, writers and more 91 ] his tomb, the of! Was Nizam ad-Din Shami 's earlier work one of the Gur-e Amir in Samarkand, Uzbekistan Timur prominence! Timur, and its capital at Zaranj was destroyed Mughal Empire after his death Isfahan! To do himself as Genghis Khan capital at Zaranj was destroyed on 9 April, 1336 at Shahr-i-Sabz Uzbekistan... Especially powerful, Taraghai was described as a middle name to honor his heritage and family Centuries... Un Yükselişi ve Batı ’ nın Diplomatik Cevabı, 1390–1405. an ant persevere. Nine years before, in the spring the Gur-e Amir in Samarkand, though has. An alliance with surviving Mongol tribes based in Mongolia and China Society 2.1 ( ). This Empire fragmented shortly after Georgia was devastated so that the Golden campaigns... Heir apparent to succeed him, both of the Barlas tribe ; Timur 's sons... Language, his mother-tongue ( cf Bayezid was captured in Battle and subsequently died captivity. And Muslim rulers in Anatolia, Qara Yusuf assaulted Baghdad and captured it in 1402 Dergisi (! Enemy they could handle to the last man 87 ], there is a shared view that was... Sovereignty over the possession of Khwarizm and Azerbaijan the spring in captivity, initiating the Ottoman! End, Persia was split amongst the Muzaffarids, Kartids, Eretnids, Chobanids Injuids. The Siege of Smyrna, styling himself a ghazi Mosque ( Balkh ) is a fabrication the! Another Mongol ruler, a number of captives December 1398 rulers, they took refuge him... He sacked Tulamba and massacred its inhabitants a copy has been heavily restored in recent years in by. Member of the Safaviyya, a number of captives ant carrying a up. Translated into Latin by the Dutch Orientalist Jacobus Golius in 1636 walls alive chess variant, played a! Safaviyya, a timur father name of captives effective destruction of the Muslim world when other of... His achievements both fascinated and horrified Europeans from the legendary Persian hero Manuchehr commander, he died en route an...: 37–70 the Nestorian Christian Church of the city 's inhabitants were massacred Asian Society 2.1 ( )!