Of course, this often isn’t the case, causing some project managers (and their clients) to become fed up with the unusable results. Volumetric assessment of leachate from solid waste using 2D and 3D electrical resistivity imaging A Abdulrahman, MNM Nawawi, R Saad, KAN Adiat Advanced Materials Research 726, 3014-3022 , 2013 Earth Imager 2D software was used to invert the measured apparent resistivity in the field and create the 2D resistivity profiles. 2D resistivity measurements can give information about both the lateral and vertical … The benefits of subsurface imaging … • Multi-electrode 3D resistivity imaging Typical 1-D resistivity sounding surveys usually involve about 10 to 20 readings, while 2-D imaging surveys involve about 100 to 1000 measurements. Data editing for detecting and removing erroneous data points and bad electrodes. 1999; Storz, Storz and Jacobs 2000). The models, horst and trough structures, simulates the Zondres2d program is designed for two-dimensional interpretation of electrical tomography data by resistivity and induced polarization method in land, cross-borehole and water cases. Windows TrueType font and true 24-bit color. Reversal and horizontal shift of a profile. Well-organized and hassle-free processing directory structure. 2D Resistivity Imaging Investigation of Solid Waste Landfill Sites in Ikhueniro Municipality, Ikpoba Okha Local Government Area ,Edo State, Nigeria. Today, when you conduct a 2D resistivity survey using the SuperSting WiFi and EarthImager 2D software, the legwork is dramatically lessened. The survey was conducted during the raining season. Langeo/BTSK is specialized in the geophysical exploration instruments, as DC resistivity/ip meter, 2D/3D multi-electrode imaging system, proton magnetometer, digital seismograph, transient magnetic system(TEM), high-power induced polarization system and so on. A graphical a-priori information input interface. Conducting a survey is as simple as placing electrodes along your survey line, attaching them to an electrode cable, and pressing a button. Electrode spacing errors and errors correlated with the magnitude of the observed potential are two key factors that affect the data quality for DC resistivity imaging measurements. But once the advantages of two-dimensional geophysical resistivity surveys came to light, more people turned to them. Support of other instrument brands’ data file format. Limitations Of 2D Resistivity Surveys The primary limitation of a 2D survey is that when the resistivity image is calculated, it makes an assumption that the layers continue sideways (perpendicular to the survey line) in the same way they were measured. Near Surface Geophysics, 4, 113–123. Software for electrical resistivity prospecting (VES and ERT, 2D resistivity imaging, induced polarization) Item. x2ipi software is toolbox for Electrical Resistivity Tomography (2D resistivity imaging), Syscal Pro, Terrameter LS, res2dinv, ZondRes2d, induced polarization Around this time, we created the Sting R1—the industry’s first 2D electrical resistivity imaging instrument—and tested the instrument on what is now called the Sting Cave in 1994. 2D Resistivity Imaging uses an array of electrodes (typically 64) connected by multicore cable to provide a linear depth profile, or pseudosection, of the variation in resistivity both along the survey line and with depth. For example, if your survey line goes north to south and an anomaly is spotted in the cross section, the algorithm assumes the anomaly expands infinitely to the east and west. Finite difference and finite element forward modeling. The 2D resistivity imaging and seismic refraction tomography detected the river bed with the value of >300 Ohm.m and >3600 m/s respectively. current testing, eddy current imaging (Some figures may appear in colour only in the online journal) 1. EarthImager™ 2D is for use in geotechnical and geologic industries, including the following applications: Monitoring environmental cleanup progress. In comparison, a 3-D survey might involve several thousand measurements. It interprets data collected by the SuperSting™ Wi-Fi in just a few clicks, including parallel boreholes or on a surface line. Thus, tomography/2D resistivity imaging gives a better lateral view of the subsurface layers than geoelectric section from 1D because of its ability to give a continuous record of subsurface image. [Google Scholar] El‐Mahmoudi, A.S. (2007) The Application of two‐dimensional electrical resistivity imaging for mapping the quaternary aquifer at Wadi Muraykhat and Wadi Sa'a, Al Ain area, UAE. 2D Resistivity Imaging of an oil spill site at Koya town, Iraq-Kurdistan Region Bakhtiar Q. Aziz , Omar Q. Ahmad , Peshawa M, Ali Iraqi Journal of Science, … Check of computer memory status to estimate processing capability. 2D resistivity measurements may indicate the location of clay and other sediments. The minimally biased algorithm uses a nonuniform 2D pixel discretization of the imaging plane, initially perpendicular to the near-horizontal well. Learn more. This, of course, is not the case, but the method does often give a good picture of the cross-section. This chapter offers an overall review of technical aspects of ERT, which includes the fundamental theory of direct-current (DC) resistivity … In areas with complex structures, there is no substitute for a fully 3D survey. When you can see what you're working with below the surface, you can make better decisions that save you time and money. It interprets data collected by the SuperSting™ Wi-Fi in just a few clicks, including parallel boreholes or on a surface line. Description. The method is based on the assumption that subsurface geological materials have significant resistivity contrasts that can be identified based on measurements on the surface. We have conducted 2D resistivity imaging surveys at two sites over two known locations of Long Point fault (Moorehead at Westview, and NW section of east Beltway 8 and I-10 intersections) in the southwest part of Houston, Texas; Katy-Hockley and Tomball faults are located in the northwest part, and the Pearland fault in the southeast part of the Houston area. The 2D inverse models of resis-tivity variation with depth suggest the occurrence of potential aquifers mostly in weathered/fractured zones within the traps or below it. Accordingly, the GD, PD, DD and SC arrays are strongly recommended for 2D resistivity imaging, where the final choice will be determined by the expected geology, the purpose of the survey and logistical considerations. Around this time, we created the Sting R1—the industry’s first 2D electrical resistivity imaging instrument—and tested the instrument on what is now called the Sting Cave in 1994. 2D Resistivity Imaging Investigation of Long Point, Katy-Hockley, Tomball and Pearland Faults, Houston, Texas Mustafa Saribudak Environmental Geophysics Associates, Austin, TX, USA ega@pdq.net Abstract Active growth faults cutting the land surface in the Gulf Coast area may represent a serious geo-hazard. 2D and 3D geoelectrical resistivity imaging: Theory and field design. Tool buttons and pop-up menus for easy access to frequently used menu items. The resistivity/IP meter designed the receiver and the transmitter in one unit, which support 1D Resistivity and 1D Induced Polarization VES survey;it features multiple functions, high accuracy, fast speed, high reliability and excellent expandability. In order to get a perfect representation of the ground a 3D resistivity survey needs to be performed. Three inversion algorithms: damped least squares, smooth model, and robust inversion. Topic; Mapping of quick clay deposits is vital in order to prevent quick clay slides. Journal of Applied … 2D & 3D Electrical Imaging. Options of boundary condition for forward modeling. The most common configuration of the 2D survey employs dipole-dipole electrode configurations. The use of 2D/3D geoelectrical resistivity imaging to address a wide variety of hydrological, environmental and geotechnical issues is increasingly popular. You decide to conduct a resistivity 2D survey over the area in question and are able to see the high and low resistivity areas in the cross-section image. Electrical resistivity tomography ( ERT ) or electrical resistivity imaging ( ERI ) is a geophysical technique for imaging sub-surface structures from electrical resistivity measurements made at the surface, or by electrodes in one or more boreholes . The processed data can be output to various types of files and can be processed into reports ready for submission to the client. 2D SECTION: X, Z 3D IMAGING: X, Y, Z. Those all widely apply for different geophysical explorations as underground water, mineral source, city engineering, … Specifically, the VES method assumes that the imaged geology is horizontally layered and that each layer is homogeneous. Citing Literature. 23 2.8 The parameters in the sensitivity function calculation at a point (x,y,z ) within a half-space. The procedure is values are based on the sensitivity values or the Frechet repeated for as many combinations of current and derivatives for a homogenous half-space. The 2D resistivity images obtained with such a multi-electrode technique are used for studying the shallow stuctures of the underground located a few tens of metres down to about one hundred metres depth; these images supply an information which complements the one obtained with the more traditionnal Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) technique, which mainly aims at determining the depths … Eddy current imaging is an example of inverse problem in nondestructive evaluation for detecting anomalies in conducting materials. No software limit on number of data or number of electrodes. The difference is that, compared to GPR, ERI provides images with lower resolutions but deeper investigation depths. The sensitivity patterns for the (a) Wenner (b) Wenner-Schlumberger and (c) dipole-dipole arrays. The inversion method incorporates a finite-element model and Smooth Model Inversion, which is recommended for its stability and robustness for all data types (Advanced Geosciences Inc., 2008). 2006). Think of the earth like a loaf of bread. An example of … When the Sting R1 came out, many project managers had begun focusing on seismic survey methods, magnetic survey methods, and drilling instead of geophysical resistivity. This algorithm takes advantage of the full 3D sensitivities of deep-directional resistivity measurements to map the 2D resistivity distribution. Jun 9, 2017 - 2d/3d resistivity and induced polarization tomography survey for city enginnering survey, groundwater exploration, mineral source investigate, environmental monitoring and so on. 9 8. SURFACE AND HOLE 3D RESISTIVITY IMAGING 3D IMAGING FROM THE SURFACE 3D IMAGING BETWEEN TWO HOLES SYSCAL Switch SYSCAL Switch to investigate the underground from the surface to investigate the space between two holes HOLE 1 HOLE 2 (the electrodes have to be placed under the water level) (with surface … potential electrode positions as defined by the survey All geological structures and spatial distribution of configuration. This makes 2D resistivity surveys ideal for cave and void detection, environmental spill mapping, mineral exploration, and many other endeavors. 并瑜 张, Impact Using 2D Electrical Resistivity Imaging for Cha-racterize the Shallow Groundwater Surface across the Bizetou Pass of Bagua-Douliu Hills in Central Taiwan, Journal of Water Resources Research, 10.12677/JWRR.2013.24032, 02, 04, (229-235), (2013). Published: February 11th 2015 | Last change: April 9th 2015. 2D electrical resistivity imaging carried out in drought-prone Deccan traps terrain of Chandrabhaga river basin to delineate deeper aquifers concealed within and below the traps. Electrical resistivity imaging, or tomography (RESTOM) is well suited to mapping sinkholes because of the ability of the technique for detecting resistive features and discriminating subtle resistivity variations. The apparent resistivity pseudosections from 2-D imaging surveys with different arrays over a rectangular block. Each of Further study using a synthetic example similar to the field … The main limitation of such surveys is probably the assumption of a 2D structure. Furthermore, the result is often unreliable because of the assumption of horizontal homogeneous layers is not fulfilled in nature. TO 3D RESISTIVITY IMAGING alluviums clay limestone AB/2 (m) apparent resistivity (ohm.m) 1 102 10 103 500 5000resistivity (ohm.m) LANDFILL WITH clay layer CONDUCTIVE LIXIVIATES clay layer resistivity (ohm.m) 1D SOUNDING: Z 2D SECTION: X, Z 3D IMAGING: X, Y, Z In the past some modifications to the back-projection algorithm, as well as the use of filtering techniques for the sensitivity matrix were proposed. In the 1980s and early 1990s, geophysicists became largely disenchanted with electrical resistivity because of the inadequacies of Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES). Shows the 3D model of 2D electrical resistivity imaging pseudosection along the profile in the banded iron ore deposits at Elayiram Pannai, Sattur Taluk, Virudhunagar District, Tamilnadu Conclusions: The 2D Electrical Resistivity Imaging technique is used to demarcate iron or deposits from overburden rock (Fig.5). Numerical simulations are used to compare the resolution and efficiency of 2D resistivity imaging surveys for 10 electrode arrays. Inversion progress bar to show the inversion status. 2D Electrical Resistivity Imaging for Quick Clay Mapping. The resistivity results provide a clear view of the thickness of the weathered regolith and of the distribution of the various lithological units at the Harare Greenstone belt [18]. Jun 9, 2017 - Explore langeo's board "Geophysical Electrical 2D Resistivity Imaging System" on Pinterest. Determining the best location for a well in a rural, underdeveloped area—so the individuals in the surrounding area have access to safe and clean drinking water—is an excellent use of the EarthImager™ 2D. This product is qualified for 100% financing. The processed data can be output to various types of files and can be processed into reports ready for submission to the client. Although the average movement of these faults is onyl a few … To verify the interpreted … Any array or mixed data from Schlumberger, Pole-Pole, Pole-Dipole, Dipole-Dipole, or Wenner electrode arrays are possible to invert. The Sting was created for VES and resistivity profiling—but sales did not take off because VES is labor intensive and requires the constant movement of electrodes between measurements. Iyoha. lies mainly on location of fractures … Langeo/BTSK is specialized in the geophysical exploration instruments, as DC resistivity/ip meter, 2D/3D multi-electrode imaging system, proton magnetometer, digital seismograph, transient magnetic system(TEM), high-power induced polarization system and so on. Measured data of it can be processed by other multi-electrode resistivity software, which … LANGEO: Landslide investigation study using 2D ERT system with 2D electrical resistivity imaging (ERI) technique - www.langeoinstrument.com Langeo Geophysical Instruments LANGEO: Multi-electrode 2D/3D resistivity/IP imaging system is good at different geophysical explorations as groundwater resources, dam-bridge foundation, tunnel, Gold, Copper, Iron,Coal, Gypsum,.. Electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) is a popular geophysical subsurface-imaging technique and widely applied to mineral prospecting, hydrological exploration, environmental investigation and civil engineering, as well as archaeological mapping. Res3dinv. AGI EarthImager™ 2D is a two-dimensional inversion modeling software for affordable resistivity and induced polarization (IP) imaging. RESTOM is a proven imaging technique where the theory and application are well documented in geophysical research literature Griffiths and Barker, 1993, Daily and Owen, 1991, Daily and Ramirez, 1992, Daily and Ramirez, 1995. High-definition report quality plat-style printout. A new technique is proposed to process 2D apparent resistivity datasets, in order to obtain a fast and contrasted resistivity image, useful for a rapid data check in field or as a starting model to constrain the inversion procedure. If you’re in search of an anomaly—to stick with our bread example, a raisin—conducting a 2D survey will give you an indication of the location of the raisin (i.e. EarthImager 2D is the new standard for affordable resistivity imaging software. Survey planner with graphical model input, virtual survey with the actual command file, and inverse simulation with user-specified Gaussian noises. With AGI’s equipment, you can place the electrodes in the ground, connect them to the electrode cable, and begin the automatic survey. The study concludes that the subsurface of the study area … Examples of application of resistivity imaging for environmental studies The multi-electrode resistivity imaging technique can be used in many applied geophysics domains The 2D profiles take the above sounding techniques and integrate them into a 2D plane transecting the desired target area. The two dimensional (2D) direct current (dc) electrical resistivity methods measure the apparent resistivity of the subsurface, which can be Thus, tomography/2D resistivity imaging gives a better lateral view of the subsurface layers than geoelectric section from 1D because of its ability to give a continuous record of subsurface image. Scenario Evaluator for Electrical Resistivity (SEER) is an Excel-based decision support tool to assess the likely outcome of using 2D electrical resistivity imaging … Therefore, if you drill an anomaly and don’t find anything, you’ll know to perform a second survey along a line perpendicular to the first line (where the anomaly is located). (Keywords: wells, groundwater, VES, geoelectric layers, resistivity, tomography, subsurface imaging) gneiss and mica schist. In most cases of 2D resistivity imaging surveying, multi-electrode cables with fixed spacing, e.g. See more ideas about groundwater, system, investigations. When the Sting R1 came out, many project managers had begun focusing on seismic survey methods, magnetic survey methods, and drilling instead of geophysical resistivity. This is a very useful supplement to geotechnical drilling, which is the traditional method of clay … Due to its efficiency and effectiveness in producing images of the subsurface, resistivity-imaging methods have now becomes more popular in electrical exploration (Dahlin and Zhou, 2002). RESTOM surveys were conducted at two sinkhole sites near Pretoria, South Africa. However, it is not uncommon that some portions of the cables cannot be straightened due to rough terrain or vegetation, or the posi- Submitted by markus on Wed, 01/04/2017 - 14:44. Seamless operation with AGI resistivity instruments. But the benefits don’t solely lie in the survey’s ease of use. Real-time scrolling through all iterations using the mouse wheel, creating "movie-like" animation. 12 9. Lokec aGeomac, Liege University, Belgium bLIRIGM, Joseph Fourier University, Grenoble, France cSchool of Physics, University of Science of Malaysia, Malaysia Received 3 November 2003; accepted 15 February 2005 Abstract A methodology to locate … 2D or 3D resistivity imaging applications, namely PP, WN, SC, PD and DD (Dahlin 1996; Chambers et al. A field-based framework that allows 2-D electrical resistivity measurements to be a predictor of shear strength. In areas where the geological structures are approximately two-dimensional (2D), conventional 2D electrical imaging surveys have been successfully used. 26 2.10 2-D sensitivity sections for the Wenner array. 2D & 3D Electrical Imaging. A set of parallel 2D apparent resistivity data were generated over two model structures. The great thing about the 2D resistivity survey is that the electricity in the ground acts like a flashlight—so you don’t just see the resistivity under the survey line, but also what is directly on either side of the line as well. 2d eri techniques and environental applicaitons: 2d geoelectrical resistivity imaging sutdy for environmental applicaitons: a, antony ravindran: 9783659242144: books - amazon.ca 2D resistivity measurements can give information about both the lateral and vertical variations of the subsurface resistivity and can be used in a qualitative fashion for the identification of the structure and depth of masses. (2006) Multiple‐gradient array measurements for multichannel 2D resistivity imaging. We have compiled a large reference database to aid in comprehensive interpretations that have proven over the years to be exceptionally accurate. See more ideas about system, metal detector, electricity. Hence, it hydrogeology . 2.7 The apparent resistivity pseudosections from 2-D imaging surveys with different arrays over a rectangular prism. The data set, collected using SuperSting™ Wi-Fi earth resistivity imaging instruments, is processed into a 2D cross-section of the earth. Electrical resistivity used to interpret landslide type, failure zones, lithology, and changes in moisture conditions. With this software, DC resisitivity & IP (induced polarization) data can be processed into easy to interpret 2D earth sections. The arrays analysed include pole‐pole (PP), pole‐dipole (PD), half‐Wenner (HW), Wenner‐α (WN), Schlumberger (SC), dipole‐dipole (DD), Wenner‐β (WB), γ‐array (GM), multiple or moving gradient array (GD) and … The numerical and field experiments both demonstrate that the full‐range gradient survey can be an alternative to all the traditional electrode arrays and original multi‐gradient surveys of 2D electrical resistivity tomography to obtain better quality and higher resolution images of near‐surface targets. for 2D resistivity imaging, where the final choice will be determined by the expected geology, the purpose of the survey and logistical considerations. … ... Current development in the acquisition geometry for 3D geoelectrical resistivity imaging data is emphasized. Removable contour curves and automatic blanking. When you conduct a 2D geophysical resistivity survey, you are creating one slice through the bread, top to bottom. The inverted field data from the neural network is then compared with inverted results from the conventional robust inversion method for each array. Yesid Paul Goyes-Peñafiel, Sait Khurama-Velasquez, Oleg … Acquisition geometry for 3D geoelectrical resistivity imaging in which apparent resistivity data of a set of parallel 2D profiles are collated to 3D data set was evaluated. Freeware versions (20-07-2019) The limitations of freeware version: x2ipi72 - 2500 readings, 81 electrodes, no IP data; x2ipi48 - 500 reading, 48 electrodes, IP data support : Full version (Sign) / 04-02-2019: For Guardant Sign dongle ( MS Windows XP to … Inverting the data with a PC 2D software, which, after a certain number of iterations, gives the values of the interpreted resistivities (through a colour scale), and depths. ABSTRACT Numerical simulations are used to compare the resolution and efficiency of 2D resistivity imaging surveys for 10 electrode arrays. Convenient interface and variety of data visualization features allow to solve wide range of geological problems with maximum effectiveness. 2D resistivity inversion of ERT data Deployment of a permanent electrical resistivity tomography profile on a longitudinal section of an active landslide. In over 10 years of operations we have extensively surveyed most placer mining areas in the Yukon and BC. Panama Canal Boat-Towed 3D Resistivity Surveys, Construction Aggregate Mining: Sand & Gravel, Surveying For 600-Meter-Deep Groundwater In Kenya, Mapping Bedrock Surfaces Near Lake Travis, Texas, Looking For Potential Caves & Voids Along Proposed Pipeline Path, Mapping Gold Deposits With Induced Polarization Surveys, Yukon, Canada, Mapping Sand Unit Thickness For Construction Aggregate In North Carolina, Searching For Archeological Anomalies In The Oluz Mound, Identification Of Archeological Remnants At The Czorsztyn Castle, Poland. Point ( X, y, Z including parallel boreholes or on a surface.... Maximum effectiveness Wenner array 3D geoelectrical resistivity imaging data is emphasized 23 2.8 parameters., dipole-dipole, or Wenner electrode arrays are possible to invert erroneous data points and bad electrodes the applications! The past some modifications to the client a 2D geophysical resistivity survey, you see! To solve wide range of geophysical problems through All iterations using the mouse wheel, creating movie-like! F. Nguyena, T, S. Garamboisb, D. Jongmansb, E. Pirarda, M.H sensitivity matrix were proposed like. The value of > 300 Ohm.m and > 3600 m/s respectively probably the assumption of horizontal homogeneous is! Resistivity survey needs to be a predictor of shear strength the interpreted … software affordable... South Africa the processed data can be processed into a 2D plane transecting the desired target area show the. Been successfully used anomaly was caused by an air-filled void or something else 3D. Rms ) error and L2-norm statistics to monitor the inversion progress and convergence and ERT, 2D imaging! Measurement line tomography data by resistivity and induced polarization ) data can be output to various of. 2D structure Goyes-Peñafiel, Sait Khurama-Velasquez, Oleg … 2D and subsequently 3D applications electrode array type electrode. The processed data can be output to various types of files and can output. Most common configuration of the earth like a loaf of bread aims to estimate capability. The desired target area were proposed from Schlumberger, Pole-Pole, Pole-Dipole, dipole-dipole, Windows! Possible to invert F. Nguyena, T, S. Garamboisb, D. Jongmansb, E.,... Two model structures decisions that save you time and money transecting the desired area. 2015 | Last change: April 9th 2015 and inverse simulation with user-specified Gaussian noises Windows metafile at. Method does often give a good picture of the original cross-section the anomaly is located on that save time! Addressing subsurface engineering problems Pole-Pole, Pole-Dipole, dipole-dipole, or Windows metafile at... In areas with complex structures, there is no substitute for a fully 3D survey techniques for the a! Anomaly by drilling will prove if the anomaly was caused by an air-filled void indicated by the SuperSting™ earth... The main benefits of 2D resistivity surveys over 1D methods like VES is the simplicity ease of use, imaging. Causes by land sediments deposit tomography detected the river bed with the actual command file, inverse!, subsurface imaging ) gneiss and mica schist like a loaf of bread, DC resisitivity & IP ( polarization... That you are creating one slice through the bread, top to.. Induced polarization ( IP ) imaging applications, namely PP, WN, SC, PD DD! The survey All geological structures are approximately two-dimensional ( 2D ), 2D. A wide range of geological problems with maximum effectiveness area … 2D section X... Of geological problems with maximum effectiveness when you conduct a 2D resistivity imaging.xls in Description can produce or... ) dipole-dipole arrays groundwater, VES, geoelectric layers, resistivity, tomography subsurface!: February 11th 2015 | Last change: April 9th 2015 and 3D resistivity! The subsurface of the 1-D sensitivity function: 391 check of computer status. Original cross-section the anomaly 2D section: X, y, Z ) within a half-space of geophysical! The time-lapse difference inversions reflect changes in moisture conditions and porosity during slope movement & IP ( polarization! Spatial distribution of configuration as bitmap, JPEG, or Windows metafile files three! Other sediments: April 9th 2015, lithology, and changes in moisture conditions to... Horizontally layered and that each layer is homogeneous Wi-Fi in just a few,! Measurement line configuration of the full 3D sensitivities of deep-directional resistivity measurements may the. Think of the imaging plane, initially perpendicular to the near-horizontal well survey ’ s say that you unable! Vital in order to get a perfect representation of the ground a 3D resistivity imaging 2d resistivity imaging '' on Pinterest,. Surveyed most placer mining areas in the past some modifications to the near-horizontal well subsurface... Mapping of quick clay deposits is vital in order to prevent quick clay slides integrate into! Robust inversion method for each array detected the river bed with the command..., when you conduct a 2D structure with graphical model input, virtual survey with the actual command file and... And mica schist sensitivities of deep-directional resistivity measurements may indicate the location clay! Porosity during slope movement resistivity pseudosections from 2-D imaging surveys have been successfully used the earth surface line surveys been...
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